中考英語重點核心詞匯詳解 糊涂的近義詞是什么


中考英語重點核心詞匯詳解 糊涂的近義詞是什么

文章插圖
S
45. spread v.傳播;擴散;張開,展開詞形變化:
過去式spread,過去分詞spread
用法小結:
①表示“擴散,蔓延”,指影響更多的人或地方,后面可跟介詞through/over/among等 。例如:
The disease spread rapidly among the poor.
疾病在窮人中間迅速傳播 。
②表示“流傳;散布,傳播”,指信息或觀點,可及物可不及物;其后可跟介詞to/through/over等 。例如:
Word spread quickly that she was leaving.
她要離開的消息迅速傳開 。
③表示“張開,伸開”,指手臂、手指、腿等;其后常接out 。例如:
She spread her arms and the child ran towards her.
她張開雙臂,孩子向她跑來 。
(2019,浙江卷,詞匯運用)
40. More and more people have realized the importance of spreading our _____________(傳統的) culture.
46. standard n.&adj.標準(的)用法小結→關聯詞組:
living standard=standard of living生活水平;
up to standard達到標準
名詞用法:表示“水平,標準,規格,規范”,其后常接介詞of:
How do you think of the general standard of education there?
你覺得那里教育的整體水準如何?
形容詞用法:
①表示“正常的,標準的,普通的”,形容普遍接受的,相當于normal 。例如:
This is our standard price.
這是我們的標準價格 。
②表示“標準的”,指形狀、大小、質量等 。例如:
We make shoes in standard and wide sizes.
我們制造標準碼和加寬碼的鞋子 。
詞性轉換:
standardiz(s)e v.使標準化,使統一;
standardiz(s)ation n.標準化;
standardiz(s)ed adj.標準化的
反義詞:non-standard adj.不標準的,不規范的;不規則的
(2019,山東卷,閱讀A)The United Nations has standards for safe listening.
47. staten.狀態,情形;國家;(美國的)州關聯詞組:
state of mind心理狀態,心境;
mental state精神狀態
用法小結:
①表示“狀況,狀態,情況,情形”,指人的身體或心理狀況或指物,相當于condition;其后常接介詞of;
“處于……狀態”用in…state表示 。例如:
When we bought the house, it was in a terrible state.
我們買下這棟房子時,它的狀況很糟糕 。
②即可指“國家”,也可指國家的“州,邦”等 。例如:
WTO member states世貿組織成員國;
the state government州政府
(2019,江蘇卷,閱讀填空)Emper or Qinshihuang united (統一) the seven majorstates into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
48. stay n.&v.停留,逗留,呆;保持用法小結:
名詞用法:可數名詞,但一般以單數出現,常和介詞in/at搭配,和形容詞long/short搭配 。例如:
I had a short stay in that famous hotel.
我在那家有名的旅館住過一小段時間 。
動詞用法:
①實義動詞,表示“停留,逗留,留下”或者“暫住”,不及物動詞,常和各種副詞或介詞搭配使用,如
stay(at) home呆在家;
stay for+ time /暫住多久;
stay in+ place呆在/暫住某地;
stayhere/there留在這里/那里;例如:
I stayed for a year in Paris to study art.
我在巴黎待了一年學習藝術 。
②連系動詞,表示“維持,保持原狀”,
stay+ 形容詞;
stay+ away/in/on;等 。例如:
I can't stay awake any longer.
我瞌睡得再也熬不住了 。
Stay away from my daughter!
不要纏著我女兒!
同義詞:keep/remain v.保持,維持
(2019,浙江卷,閱讀D)
2.- Sir, did you enjoy your stay in our________________?
- Yes, I slept well and I like thebreakfast.
A. hotel B. school
C. factory D. company
49. stealv.偷,竊取詞形變化:過去式stole,過去分詞stolen
用法小結:
可指偷別人的東西,也可指剽竊觀點等 。常用于
steal sth. from sb/sth..結構 。例如:
He’d stolen the flowers from our garden.
他偷了我們花園里的花 。
A well-known scientist was punished for stealing his student’s idea.
一位著名科學家因剽竊學生觀點受到懲罰 。
詞性轉換:
stolen adj.偷走的;
stealthily adv.暗地里
(2019,江蘇卷,閱讀D)It was his job to keep the woods safe and to make sure that nobody stole the king's deer.
50. stepn.腳步;臺階,梯級;v.走,跨步用法小結→關聯詞組:
step by step逐步地;
first step第一步,首要步驟;
next step下一步;
watch your step注意腳下
名詞用法:
1.表示“腳步,步”,常與動詞take搭配,與副詞back/forward搭配 。例如:
Tom took a step back and held the dooropen.
湯姆后退一步,把門撐開著 。
2.表示“梯級,臺階” 。例如:
He climbed the wooden steps and rang the bell.
他爬上木樓梯,按響門鈴 。
3.表示“步驟,措施”,指一系列行動中的一步,相當于action/measure;
常和動詞take搭配;
step后面可接in(doing) sth.或todo sth.;
還可接towards表示方向 。例如:
The president took immediate steps to stop the fighting.
總統立即采取措施阻止戰斗 。
an important step towards peace
通往和平的重要一步
動詞用法:
1.表示“跨步,邁步”,其后常接
forward/back/down/into等詞 。例如:
He stepped back to let me through.
他后退一步讓我通過 。
2.表示“踩,踏”,其后常接in/on等介詞 。例如:
You’re stepping on my foot.
你踩到我的腳了 。
(2019,浙江卷,閱讀D)The hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby so he or she does not get sick.
51. stickv.粘住;卡住;堅持;n.木棒(棍),枝條用法小結→詞形變化:
過去式stuck,過去分詞stuck
關聯詞組:
stick together粘在一起;在一起,團結一致;
stick to sth.堅持(做某事,不怕困難)
動詞用法:
1.表示“粘,貼”,可及物可不及物,常和介詞on/to/in等搭配 。例如:
He stuck a stamp on the envelope.
他把一張郵票貼到信封上 。
stick the broken pieces together.
把碎片粘到一起 。
2.表示“卡主,動不了”,
stick in sth.卡在……里面;
The key has stuck in the lock.
鑰匙卡在鎖里了 。
名詞用法:
1.表示“枝條,柴枝”,指樹的組成部分 。例如:
They collected sticks to start the fire.
他們撿來樹枝生火 。
2.指某些作為工具的“棍/簽/條/槌”,或“條(棍)狀物” 。例如:
My Aunt walks with a stick.
我姑媽走路要拄拐棍 。
詞性轉換:
stuck adj.被卡主的,不能動的;
sticky adj.粘(性)的;
sticker n.張貼物
(2019,湖北卷,單項填空)
37一Everyone should stick to his dream.
一Yes.A life without a dream is like a bird without ________, which can't fly.
A. wings B. water
C.clouds D. food
52. stopv.停,停止;阻止;n.停;(停車)站用法小結:
動詞用法:
1.表示“(使)停止,(使)終止”、“暫停,中止”,指不再繼續;或“停下來”,指不再移動;
stop doing sth.停止做某事(同一件事);
stop to do sth.停下來做某事(另一件事);口語中常用
stop it/that表示“停下,住手” 。例如:
Please stop crying and tell me what's wrong.
快別哭了,告訴我出了什么事 。
Stop it! You're hurting me.
住手!你把我弄疼了 。
2.表示“防止,阻止”,相當于prevent;
stop sb./sth.from doing sth.阻止……做某事 。例如:
The rain didn’t stop us from enjoying the trip.
那場雨沒有妨礙我們享受旅行的樂趣 。
名詞用法:
1.表示“停止”的含義,常用于
come to a stop(某事)停止;
bring sth.to a stop停止(結束)某事 。例如:
The UN is trying to bring the war to a stop.
聯合國試圖結束這場戰爭 。
2.表示“車站”,或“中途停留(處)”,指停留的動作或指所停留的地點 。例如:
Our first stop was Paris.
我們的第一站是巴黎 。
反義詞:continue v.繼續
(2019,浙江卷,詞匯運用)It just takes a moment to stop and pick something up off the ground.
53. strange adj.奇怪的,奇特的;陌生的用法小結:
1.表示“奇怪的,不尋常的,不可思議的”;常見于
something strange,
It’s strange that等結構 。例如:
It's strange (that) we haven't heard from him.
奇怪,我們一直沒有他的消息 。
2.表示“陌生的,不熟悉的”;
strange to sb.對某人來說很陌生 。例如:
At first the place was strange to me.
起先我對這個地方不熟悉 。
詞性轉換:
strangely adv.奇怪地,奇妙地,不可思議地;
stranger n.陌生人,外人(同時也是strange的比較級形式);
strangeness n.陌生,冷淡
反義詞:familiar adj.熟悉的
(2019,江蘇卷,單項填空)
5.The flying squirrel might be one of __________ animals you could meet during the trip.
A. strange B. stranger
C. strangest D. the strangest
54. strictadj.嚴格的,嚴密的;嚴苛的用法小結:
1.可形容對人要求高,表示“嚴格的,嚴厲的”;常用于
be strict about sth.對某事很嚴格,
be strict with sb.對某人很嚴厲,嚴格
be strict in sth.對做的某事很嚴格,結構 。例如:
She's very strict about things like homework.
她對作業之類的事要求非常嚴格 。
They were always very strict with their children.
他們對子女一向十分嚴格 。
2.也可修飾命令、規則等,表示“必須嚴格遵守的”,常和rule/law/limit等搭配 。例如:
French privacy laws are very strict.
法國的隱私法非常嚴格 。
詞性轉換:
strictly adv.嚴格地;
strictness n.嚴格,嚴密
(2019,江蘇卷,閱讀A)
23. Why are there two cartooning classes on the program?
A. Because the classes are for different age groups.
B. Because more time is needed to learn cartooning
C. Because there is a strict limit on numbers for each class.
D. Because some children might want to do both the classes.
55. strongadj.強(壯)的;堅固的;強烈的;堅強的用法小結:
1.表示“強壯的,力氣大的”,形容體魄,指能干重活,舉起重物等;常修飾hands/arms/muscles等 。例如:
He picked her up in his big strong arms.
他用粗壯的雙臂將她抱起來 。
2.表示“堅強的,堅定的;不會動搖的”,形容意志、感情或觀點等 。例如:
Laura had a strong character.
勞拉個性堅強 。
3.表示“堅固的,結實的”,形容物體不易破損或損壞 。例如:
The locks on the doors were solid and strong.
門上的鎖都很堅固結實 。
4.表示“強大的,影響力大的”,或“強烈的”,相當于powerful,常用來修飾power/influence等 。例如:
Such feelings may have a strong influence over your decisions.
這種情感可能對你的決定有很大影響 。
詞性轉換:
strongly adv.強有力地;激烈地;
strength n.力量;力氣;
strengthen v.變強;加強
(2019,北京卷,完形)
And moments of failure like this build ___20___ —since then I’ve learned to faced is appointment and grown stronger.
20.A. trust B. pride
C. character D. support
56. stupid adj.愚蠢的,笨的用法小結:
可用來形容人,表示“笨的,頭腦遲鈍的”;形容事物,表示“愚蠢的,傻的” 。例如:
I couldn’t do it, and it made me feel stupid.
這件事我做不來,這讓我感到自己很愚蠢 。
Whose stupid idea was this?
這是誰的蠢主意?
詞性轉換:
stupidly adv.愚蠢地;
stupidity n.愚蠢;糊涂事
同義詞:
silly adj.傻的,愚蠢的:
silly的語氣要比stupid溫和許多 。例如:
Don’t be so silly! There’s nothing wrong with you.
別傻了!你什么問題都沒有 。
反義詞:smart/clever adj.聰明的
(2019,浙江卷,語法填空)This old man seemed pretty stupid. But are we so much smarter?
(2019,浙江卷,閱讀D)
30. The overall tone (總基調) of this reading is _______________________.
A. sad and personal
B. personal and scientific
C. informative but silly
D. scientific and informative
57. subjectn.題目,主題;學科,科目;主語用法小結:
①表示“主題,題目,話題”,指對話、討論、書、電影等;
on the subject (of)關于……主題;
change the subject轉換話題;例如:
Ihave nothing more to say on the subject.
關于這個問題,我再沒有要說的了 。
②在學校方面,表示“學科,科目;課程”,例如:
My favourite subject is math.
我最喜歡的學科是數學 。
③在語法方面,表示“主語”,與賓語object相對應 。
詞性轉換:
subjective adj.主觀的;個人的;
subjectively adv.主觀地
同義詞:clever adj.聰明的
(2019,江蘇卷,閱讀D)
32.Why does Sam say, "And think about it.: what helps you to be good at sport?"
A.To change the subject.
B. To introduce his next reason.
C.To support Liz's idea.
D. To find an answer to the question.
58. succeedv.成功,達成用法小結:
作不及物動詞 。“成功做某事”不要說succeed to do sth.,而說succeed in doing sth. 。例如:
He succeeded in getting a place at art school.
他被藝術學校錄取了 。
詞性轉換:
success n.成功;
successful(ly) adj.成功的;有成就的
反義詞:fail v.失敗
(2019,山東卷,閱讀B)Xiaodong thinks textbooks should include more stories about how great scientists had to struggle tosucceed.
59. suddenadj.突然的;n.突然發生的事用法小結:
主要作形容詞,可作表語,可作定語;常用來修飾change;
作名詞多見于all of a sudden短語中,表示“突然” 。例如:
a sudden change in the weather
天氣的突然變化
All of a sudden, the lights went out.
突然,燈都滅了 。
形容表面,“平滑的,光滑的”,相當于flat 。例如:
詞性轉換:
suddenly=all of a sudden adv.突然地;忽然
(2019,北京卷,閱讀D)
32. The word "collapse" in Paragraph 5 probably means____________.
A. a sudden failure
B.the basic rule
C. a disappointing start
D. the gradual development
60. suggest v.建議,提議用法小結:
suggest sth.to sb.向某人建議某事;“建議做某事”不能說suggest (sb.) to do sth.,
而要說suggest doingsth.或者
suggest (that) sb. (should) do sth. 。例如:
Jenny suggested meeting for a drink after work.
珍妮提議下班后一起喝一杯 。
I suggest you call him first. 我建議你先給他打電話 。
熟詞僻義:還可以表示“顯示,表明”,其后可接名詞或that從句;常用于suggest sth. to sb.結構 。例如:
What do these results suggest to you?
照你看,這些結果說明什么呢?
詞性轉換:
suggestion n.建議:是可數名詞,注意區分advice(不可數名詞)
同義詞:advise v.建議
(2019,北京卷,閱讀D)But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily.
61. supply v.&n.供給,供應用法小結→關聯詞組:
power supply電源;
water supply供水系統;
food supply食物供給
動詞用法:
supply sth.to sb.=supply sb. with sth.
為某人供應某物 。例如:
We can supply you with whatever you need.
我們可以提供任何你需要的東西 。
名詞用法:
①supply作不可數名詞,指“供應/給,補給”這一動作;作可數名詞,表示“供應量,供給量” 。例如:
The electricity supply had been cut off.
電力供應被切斷了 。
Books were in short supply.
書籍供應短缺 。
②復數形式supplies用來特指“(軍隊、探險隊等的)補給(品)” 。例如:
Our supplies were running out.
我們的補給快用完了 。
詞性轉換:
supplier n.供應商;
supplementary adj.補充的;n.增補物
近義詞:provide/offer v.提供
(2019,山東卷,閱讀B)
32. Why did the U.S. order a ban on Huawei?
A. Huawei's sales in America were growing faster than Apple.
B. Huawei refused to supply services to the U.S. government.
C. They didn’t want Apple to sell parts and services to Huawei.
D. They thought Huawei collected information for the Chinese government.
62. supposev.猜想,料想,認為;假定用法小結:
①不用進行式,通常接that從句;例如:
I suppose they’re going to sell the house.
我認為他們準備賣掉這棟房子 。
②be supposed to do/be sth.
應該做某事/是某事物 。例如:
I’m not supposed to tell anyone.
我不能告訴任何人的 。
What time are you supposed to be there?
你應該幾點到那兒?
詞性轉換:
supposition n.推測;假定;
supposedly adv.可能
近義詞:guess v.&n.猜測,猜想
(2019年,山東卷,單項選擇)
9.To make rivers () than before, everybody is supposed to protect them.
A. dirty B. dirtier
C. clean D.cleaner
63. sureadj.確信的,肯定的;adv.的確,一定,當然用法小結→關聯詞組:
for sure確實,毫無疑問地
形容詞用法:
①be sure常接that從句;
not sure常接wh-從句;
be sure of (doing) sth.確定(做)某事;
be sure about sth.對某事有把握;
be sure to do sth.一定做某事 。例如:
Are you sure that you know how to get there?
你肯定知道怎樣到那里去嗎?
Henry wasn’t sure how to answer this.
亨利不清楚該如何回答這個問題 。
They were talking about her, she was sure of that.
他們在談論她,她很肯定 。
“That’s the man I saw last night.” “Are you sure about that?” “那就是我昨晚看見的那個男人 。”“你確定嗎?”
He’s sure to get nervous and say something stupid.
他肯定會緊張,說出一些愚蠢的話來 。
②常用make sure表示“確保”或“查明,弄清楚” 。例如:
I’ll lock the door, just to make sure no one goes inside.
我會鎖上門,就為確保沒人進去 。
I wanted to make sure you were all right.
我想確認一下你是否沒事 。
副詞用法:主要在口語中用于表達同意;有時會用sure enough果然,果真 。例如:
“Can you give me a ride to work tomorrow?” “Sure.”
“明天我可以搭你的車去上班嗎?”“當然可以 。
【中考英語重點核心詞匯詳解 糊涂的近義詞是什么】Sure enough, Mike get lost again.
果然,邁克又迷路了 。
詞性轉換:
surely adv.當然,無疑;
sureness n.確實
近義詞:
certain adj.確定的,肯定的,確信的
(2019年,山東卷,動詞應用)The driver, too, didn't do his best to make sure that his driving was safe.
64. surprisev.使驚奇,使詫異;n.驚奇,詫異用法小結:
關聯詞組:
what a surprise真想不到;
a big surprise大吃一驚;
by surprise出其不意地
名詞用法:
①指一種感覺,表示“驚奇,驚訝,詫異”,常見搭配有
in/with surprise驚訝地/詫異地;
to sb’s surprise另謀人驚訝地是;
give sb. a surprise讓某人吃驚等 。例如:
Bill looked at him in surprise.
比爾詫異地看著他 。
Much to his surprise, she gave him her phone number.
令他頗感意外的是,她把電話號碼給了他 。
②指某事件,表示“意想不到的事,不同尋常的事”,或“令人驚喜的事物” 。例如:
“I’ve got a surprise for you,” she said.
“我要給你一個驚喜 。”她說道 。
詞性轉換:
surprised adj.感到驚訝地;
surprising adj.令人驚人驚訝的,意外的;
surprisingly adv.驚人地;出人意外地
(2019年,江蘇卷,完形)
When I'm asked to name my favourite place to eat in Suzhou, I will reply ___13___.
13.A. right away B. in surprise
C. at most D.over there
65. symboln.象征,標志;符號用法小結:
①表示“象征,標志”,或表示“代表,有代表性的人或物”,其后常接介詞of 。例如:
This ring is a symbol of our love.
這枚戒指是我們愛情的象征 。
②表示“符號,標記”,其后常接介詞for 。例如:
What is the chemical symbol for gold?
金的化學符號是什么?
詞性轉換:
symbolic adj.象征(性)的;
symbolically adv.象征性地;
symboliz(s)e v.作為……的象征
(2019年,江蘇卷,閱讀填空)By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols had become a well-developed writing system.
聲明:整理自網絡!