1. 首頁 > 生活經驗 > >

be動詞 助動詞的用法 be動詞作為助動詞的用法

經驗分享生活經驗

be作為助動詞，沒有特定的意義，只是和主動詞構成謂語動詞 。在這種情況下，be主要用于構成進行式和被動式 。讓我們告訴你關于英語be動詞助動詞的用法.的事情，讓我們看看吧！
英語be動詞助動詞的用法：
(一)進行時態中的be
此時，be可以與主要動詞的現在分詞一起，構成各種進行時態 。如：
He is reading in the library now. (現在進行時)
She wasswimming in the river this time yesterday. (過去進行時)
They will be arriving in Beijing tomorrow. (將來進行時)
We have been learning English for ten years. (現在完成進行時)

be動詞 助動詞的用法 be動詞作為助動詞的用法

文章插圖

(二)被動語態中的be
助動詞be能夠與主要動詞的過去分詞一起構成被動語態，即be done結構 。如：
Chinese iswidely used around the world nowadays.
【be動詞 助動詞的用法 be動詞作為助動詞的用法】The window wasbroken by the naughty boy just now.
Your watch has already beenrepaired.
【注意】
助動詞be能夠構成特殊句型 。如：
1、be going to do
be going to do表示“打算或將要” 。如：
He isgoing to visit us next week.
It isgoing to rain soon.
2、be about to do
be about to do表示“剛要，即將” 。與be going to do表“將要”不同的是，be about to do表示的是說完話后馬上就要去做或是短期內馬上就要去做 。如：
The plane isabout to take off in five minutes' time.
3、be to do
be to do表示“按計劃要做” 。如：
One night an angel came to Mary and told her that she wasto have this special boy.
The new store isto be opened tomorrow.
“there be+名詞+動詞”結構用法歸納：
1. there be+賓語+現在分詞 ?，F在分詞表示主動關系，同時表示動作正在進行：
There is someone waiting for him. 有人在等他 。
There was a man standing in front of me. 我前面站著一個男人 。
There were some children swimming in the river. 有些小孩在河里游泳 。
There were a group of young people working in the fields. 有一群青年在地里勞動 。
有時現在分詞可表示一種狀態：
There’s a piano standing against the wall. 靠墻有一架鋼琴 。
There’re a lot of difficulties facing us. 我們面前有很多困難 。
There is a door leading to the garden. 有一座門通往花園 。
有個別現在分詞用于該結構時可以表示將來(正如它們可用進行時表示將來一樣)：
There are ten people coming to dinner. 有10個人來吃晚飯 。

be動詞 助動詞的用法 be動詞作為助動詞的用法

文章插圖

2. there be+賓語+過去分詞 。過去分詞表示一種被動關系，同時表示動作已經發生：
There is nothing written on it. 上面沒寫東西 。
There were ten people killed in the accident. 事故中有10人喪生 。
有時過去分詞也可表示一種狀態(可轉換成被動結構)：
There were some old men seated (=who were seated) in the back. 有些老人坐在后面 。
There is a red car parked (=which is parked) outside the house. 房子外邊停著一輛紅色汽車 。
3. there be+賓語+不定式 。不定式通常表示動作尚未發生：
There was nobody to look after the child. 沒有人照顧這孩子 。
There was a large crowd to send him off. 有一大群人要來給他送行 。
There was so much to lose that we couldn’t take any risks. 可能會有很大的損失，因此我們不能冒險 。
【注】當其中的賓語與其后的不定式為被動關系時，可用主動表被動，也可用被動式：
There is much work to do [to be done]. 有許多工作要做 。
有時其中的不定式為系表結構：
There is nothing to be afraid of. 沒什么可怕的 。
What was there to be afraid of. 有什么可怕的?
There’s nothing to be ashamed of. 沒有什么值得羞愧的 。
There be句式的特殊用法：
▲ 英語中的 There，除了表示地點“在那里”外，還有一個非常重要的用法，就是：充當引導詞的角色，同時，引起句子結構上的倒裝 。具體表現在：
1. There be 存在句：——最原始最典型的倒裝
談到倒裝句，人們都不陌生，認為它是一個很重要的句式 。其實，在一個人剛剛開始學英語的時候，就已經學到了真正意義上的倒裝句：There be 句型 。
There is a book on the desk. 去掉引導詞 There，原來的倒裝句則變成：A book is on the desk.
What is there on the desk? 實際等于說：What is on the desk?
There be是倒裝句，表存在，不必細說 。
2. There + 不及物動詞 + 主語：——最常見的倒裝
There lived an man in the forest long ago. 很久以前，森林中住著一位老人 。
There stands a temple on the top of the mountain. 山頂上有一座廟 。
There goes the bell. Let’s have our class. 鈴聲響了，我們上課吧 。
最后一句 There goes the bell. There 除了引起句子結構的倒裝外，還提醒聽者注意 。
3. “There + be + 過去分詞 + 主語” 和“There + be + 過去分詞 + 主語”——最特殊的倒裝
▲“There + be + 過去分詞 + 主語”，其實是被動語態的變式，去掉引導詞 There，還原本來面目 。現在，我直接使用網友的句子為例：
There are now published millions of books very year in China.
等于：Millions of books are now published very year in China.
On the following day, there was held a splendid banquet.
等于：On the following day, a splendid banquet was held.
There was shown at the exhibition an electronic computer made in Shanghai.
等于：An electronic computer made in Shanghai was shown at the exhibition.
▲“There + be + 現在分詞 + 主語”，其實是不及物動詞進行時態的變式，去掉引導詞There，還原本來面目 ?，F在，我直接使用網友的句子為例：
There were running in the garden a group of children aged from seven to twelve.
等于：A group of children aged from seven to twelve were running in the garden.
【我的觀點】任何事物的出現都是有原因的，語言現象亦然 。我認為，there 的上述用法，體現了語言的3個方面 。概括起來，不外乎以下幾個原因：
1. 語用方面：There 置于句首，具有提示、提醒作用 。如：There goes the bell. Let’s have our class.
2. 修辭方面：There 置于句首，旨在使句子勻稱 。如：There was shown at the exhibition an electronic computer made in Shanghai.
若說：An electronic computer made in Shanghai was shown at the exhibition. 會顯得頭重腳輕 。
3. 語法方面：There 置于句首，改變句子的正常結構 。去掉引導詞 There 之后，變成正常語序，以上三種情況的例句，分別為：
(1) There is a book on the desk. → A book is on the desk.
(2) There lived an old man in the forest long ago. → An old man lived in the forest long ago.
(3) There are now published millions of books very year in China. → Millions of books are now published very year in China.
【說明】There置于句首，如果沒有實際詞匯意義，往往引起句子結構的倒裝 。如果有實際詞匯意義(“在那里”)，則不然 。試比較：
There stands a temple on the top of the mountain. (There 沒有實際意義)
There I saw my old friend Tom. (There表示“在那里”)
有關there be結構的若干句式：
■There is no / some / much / little difficulty / trouble with sth. 做某事(沒) 有困難 。如：
(1) There is some difficulty with the text. 這篇課文還有點困難 。
(2) There is little trouble with the matter. 這件事情沒有什么麻煩 。
■There is no / some / little / much difficulty / trouble in + doing. 做某事有困難 。如：
(1) There is much difficulty in finishing the work in the given time. 在規定的時間內完成這項工作還很困難 。
(2) There is no trouble in reading the article without a dictionary. 即使不用詞典讀這篇文章也不難 。
■There is no doubt about / of sth. 毫無疑問… 。如：
(1) There is no doubt about his coming here. 毫無疑問，他會來 。
(2) There is no doubt of his words. 對他的話毋庸置疑 。
■There is no doubt that –clause. 毫無疑問… 。如：
(1) There is no doubt that he has made great progress this year. 毫無疑問，他今年進了大步 。
(2) There is no doubt that he likes hunting. 毫無疑問，他喜歡狩獵 。
■There is no hurry (+ to do sth) 不用急于干某事 。如：
(1) There is no hurry to leave, for it is early. 天還早，不要急于離開 。
(2) There is no hurry to answer this question, but use your head. 動動腦筋，不要急于回答這個問題 。
■There is no need for (sb. to do ) sth. 沒有必要怎么樣 。如：
(1) There is no need for him to go there. 她沒有必要去那兒 。
(2) There is no need for such a meeting. 沒有必要開這樣的會議 。
■There is no question about sth. 毫無疑問… 。如：
(1) There is no question about his arrangement. 對他的安排毋庸置疑 。
(2) There is no question about what he said. 對他的話毋庸置疑 。
■There is no question of doing sth. 毫無疑問… 。如：
(1) There is no question of his leaving for holiday. 他肯定去度假了 。
(2) There is no question of his inviting us to his party. 他肯定會邀請我們去參加他的聚會 。
■There is no sense in doing sth. 做某事沒有道理或說不過去 。如：
(1) There is no sense in forcing him to do what he doesn’t like to. 強迫他做他不喜歡做的事情沒有道理 。
(2) There is no sense in leaving him alone when he is in trouble. 當他遇到困難時，扔下他不管，沒有道理 。
■There is no point in doing sth. 做某事沒有用 。如：
(1) There is no point in regretting. 后悔沒有用 。
(2) There is no point in reasoning with him. 跟他說道理沒有用 。
■There is no doing sth. 不可能…;無法… 。如：
(1) There is no telling who will win the match. 無法斷定比賽誰贏 。
(2) There is no giving you a reply before deciding it. 在決定前不可能給你答復 。