一例蘇醒期譫妄引發的思考( 三 )


然而 , 不推薦預防性使用氟哌啶醇來預防譫妄 。 Beers標準將抗精神病藥列為老年人應避免使用的藥物 。 一項多中心研究將70歲以上的內科和外科患者隨機分至氟哌啶醇或安慰劑 , 這些患者均還接受預防譫妄的非藥物策略[30] 。 譫妄發生率、持續時間或嚴重程度都沒有差異 。 同樣 , 其他抗精神病藥(典型或非典型)沒有改變普通內科或術后危重癥患者的譫妄發生率、持續時間或嚴重程度 , 而且可能帶來危害[31-33] 。
如果譫妄嚴重且持續存在 , 則需請神經科會診 , 急性顱內事件(如腦卒中)是其罕見原因 。 持續數小時或數日的譫妄與以下方面有關:年齡較大、術前認知功能障礙、飲酒、嚴重軀體疾病和特定的實驗室檢查異常(如鈉或葡萄糖水平)[34-39] 。 出PACU時譫妄提示術后晚期的持續性譫妄 , 患者的結局比無此并發癥的患者更差 , 例如死亡、住院時間延長、出院后轉入其他照護機構[40] 。
作者:張子銀廣州中醫藥大學第一附屬醫院
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